The Downfall Of China Essay Example For Students

The Downfall Of China Essay China is the perfect example of what happens when one leader is given to much power. The leaders of China were each very afraid of social reform, and the consequences that outside influence may have on their customs. As a means of initiating reform, they shut the entire Western world out almost completely. At the time it was a move that served China well but in the long run it was the downfall of China. While blindfolded, the Chinese were unable to see the great advancements of the Western world. With an egocentric government, the Chinese citizens were neglected outside of the palace walls and the country fell to shambles. Instead of stimulating economic growth the government suppressed it as the rest of the world advanced. While focused on fear of internal rebellion the Chinese leaders overlooked the status of their army and were not prepared for the rest of the world as they fell so far behind in almost every advancement. Had China remained in contact with the Western world it woul d have been possible for them to be as advanced a civilization as the Western world. As the Chinese government had their head buried in the sand with worry over losing control of their empire, they neglected to maintain the basic essentials of a functional country. All of Chinas canals eventually decayed as they were left unrepaired for years, the ironworks that China once prided itself one became obsolete with out a second look, and the army itself was no match for any Western army. The merchants were of no avail to the poor Chinese civilians as their profits on land and education. Upon shutting out the rest of the world China had forbidden the use of a printing press. The expression of social criticism and news of the outside world was banned. The people of China had no idea what was happening. When the doors had been shut from the outside world Europe was not as highly advanced as China. Europeans lived in crowded cities with rodents and foul odors. The Chinese for a period of ti me lived with the fresh scent of flowers and tea. As China internally decayed the citizens had nothing to compare it to for they had always been ahead of Europe in almost everything for so many centuries. After the thirteenth century Western civilization flourished. In Western Europe the governments encouraged industrial growth and individual commerce as a means of keeping ahead of the competition. With each distinct country competing with each other a variety of individual trades were created eventually sparking the Industrial Revolution. As a result of heavily trading around the world, each country became very wealthy, and as such their internal economies grew. In Great Britain without government suppression on individual companies they were able to build the most powerful navy in the world, and colonize in many different countries. As China was suffering from economic rot, they paid no attention to the world around them. They did not realize that the rest of the world was waiting to conquer China and divide the winnings. When Chinese officials refused to continue trading with the British they initiated the Opium Wars. The final result of the Opium War was almost devastating. They were forced to sign an unfair treaty with Britain. Under the treaty, the opium trade was legalized and the Guangzhou monopoly was ended as Xiamen, Ningbo, Fuzhou, and Shanghai was also opened to trade. The island of Hong Kong became a British base and Britain established the right to supervise and inspect a published tariff structure on Chinas trade. Finally, China, already reeling from trade imbalance, was compelled to pay a war indemnity of $21 million. China was very focused on keeping the Japanese and Portuguese pirates away from their shores. While they were distracted every other European country continued to build their armies at a rapid speed. With new technology, the Western world left China behind and continued to invent more lethal weapons. As China was busy fighting off predators they had no extra time to keep up. As all of their iron factories were obsolete they had no cost, efficient method. Because of their military weakness they lost all of the Opium Wars which resulting in crippling economic losses. Thinking that things couldnt get worse internal upset led to the Taiping Rebellion, which resulted in the deaths of twenty million people. The loss was yet another drastically unfavorable blow to the Chinese economy. Shortly following the Taiping Rebellion the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 further damaged China. The rest of the world was just waiting to take a piece of China at this point. The Boxer Rebellion only made their situation worse. The Chinese needed reform and fast. It wasnt until January first, 1912 that Dr. Sun Yat-sen was to be sworn in as the first president of the provisional government of Chinas new Republic. .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d , .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d .postImageUrl , .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d , .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d:hover , .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d:visited , .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d:active { border:0!important; } .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d:active , .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufd6f9ac18b87faf08150fc237fbefa8d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Who Is the Tragic Hero, Antigone or Creon? Essay We will write a custom essay on The Downfall Of China specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Crippling defeat during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95It was ignorant on Chinas part to assume that Europe wouldnt try to colonize their country. Had China not shut out the Western world they would have been able to keep advancing their armys equipment. As a result they might have been able to fight off the British and the French during the Opium Wars. The Russians would have been happy to assist in return for a trading agreement. Fortunately China ended up with a new Republic and managed to maintain order and participate in the last years of the Industrial Revolution. In closing, had China not shut out the Western world as a means of defense they might have been one of the leading countries in the world today. Political Issues

Linear Algebra and Vector Equations †Math Essay

Linear Algebra and Vector Equations – Math Essay Free Online Research Papers Linear Algebra and Vector Equations Math Essay Week 2 in Linear Algebra focused on Vector Equations (Section 1.3) and the Matrix Equation Ax = b (Section 1.4). The key concepts in section 1.3 are linear combinations of vectors and a spanning set. A vector is defined as a matrix with one column. A vector with n entries defines a vector in Rn. If you plot two vectors in R2, you can find the sum of the vectors graphically using Parallelogram Rule. Linear Combinations are combinations of vectors, using different weights for each. For example, given vectors v and u, 2v + u is a Linear Combination of the two vectors. Furthermore, the equation v + u = b has the same solution as the augmented matrix [v u | b]. This means that b can be made from a linear combination of v and u if and only if the corresponding augmented matrix has a solution. The other key concept in section 1.3 is Span. The Span of vectors is the set of all linear combinations of the vectors. Given u, v, and z, Span{ u, v, z} is the collection of all vectors that can be written as x1u + x2v + x3z. To determine if vector b is in the span of vectors u and v, put all three vectors into an augmented matrix (vector b being the last row) and solve. If the solution is consistent, b is i n the Span{u, v}. Section 1.4 explains how linear combinations can be viewed as vector multiplication. There are three ways of viewing linear systems: as a system of linear equations, as a vector equation, or as a matrix equation Ax = b. So, since all three represent linear systems, they can all be used to find the same solutions. For any matrix A with rows m and columns n, the following is true: for each b in Rm, the equation Ax = b has a solution, each b in Rm is a linear combination of the columns of A, the columns of A span Rm, and A has a pivot position in every row. This means that a 33 matrix must have a pivot in every row to span R3. Finally, the last theorem of the section states that if A is an m x n matrix, u and v are vectors in Rn, and c is a scalar, then: A(u+v) = Au + Av, and A(cu) = cAu. Research Papers on Linear Algebra and Vector Equations - Math EssayIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperResearch Process Part OneThree Concepts of PsychodynamicGenetic EngineeringThe Project Managment Office SystemEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHip-Hop is Art

Operations Management of BP Plc (British Petroleum) Essay

Operations Management of BP Plc (British Petroleum) - Essay Example It also transforms capital into goods and services. Operational management allows firms, and companies to come up with strategies that help companies deal with new market entrants and main competitors. Each company has a distinct way of dealing with its operations (Merz & Sauber1995). Many companies come up with distinct names for their departments. BP is a multinational company which has a vibrant operational and management department. Problem definition BP has come under intense pressure due to competition from other major oil producing companies. The company needs to reinvent itself in order to maintain its profitability. BP is known to produce large amounts of oil. However, the large amounts of oil are not reflected in the amounts of revenues generated. The company is also facing the threats that range from new entrants to the established oil companies. There is need to consider the strategies that are needed to keep the company economically viable and competitive. Body BP Amoco is a leading oil industry aims at supplying petroleum products to its international marketplace. Operation administration has become an essential tool in the oil industry management techniques. Operation management makes sure these industries adhere to quality of work. BP also known as BP Amoco is located in London (Wulf 2012). It is a globally established petroleum and oil firm. The company began in 1901. The company was used in all exploration and was a source of oil for the royal navy (Business Week 2012). The company was founded by William Knox and found oil for the first time in 1908. In 1917, the UK administration became in charge of the industry, and planned to rename it to B P (Business Week 2012). BP expanded its market in the entire Europe and later merged with American Oil Company (AMOCO). BP has been using high quality operational management skills with have been the reason behind the firm’s success. BP is in service in over a hundred countries on to serve the int ernational market. BP focuses on drilling and discovering oil around the world (Scarborough & Spatarella1998).BP is paying attention to quality products. BP is setting achieve goals with a clear timeline. The company is closing down branches are considered to have declining revenues. Attention is paid to products which are consumer friendly. This has caused BP to rebrand and the initial step to create incentives to employees and to attract customers. BP is measuring quality and productivity through amount generated per barrel. The company explores unfinished lubricants, natural gas, refinement, distillation, selling, and delivery, along with manufacturing petroleum products (The Economist 2011). The company

A)The financial crisis of 2007-2010 was it simply the result of lax Essay

A)The financial crisis of 2007-2010 was it simply the result of lax regulation, or were a range of factors at play (50 marks) - Essay Example The first phase, as explained below, is Novel Offering. Finally, I will discuss the link between the crises and the factors such as Crises of Financialisation and contradiction. The crises will also be explained from an economic theory pint of view (Peretz and Schroedel 2009). Novel Offerings Novel offerings are sources of revenue used by banks and other financial institutions by trading in different financial products. For the last few decades, the context of deregulation has greatly contributed towards development of these financial products. For example, since 1970s, different regulations controlling the actions of financial institutions in the UK and USA have been loosening up. This includes Glass Steagall, which had been instituted to disjoin the people’s savings from the riskier operations of investment banks. The banks resulted in creation of shadow baking system, which allowed them to circumvent the rule that required them to balance the risk on their books with some l evel of capital. Securitisation, Boom and collapse of shadow banking The shadow banking system is believed to have traded the worst performing and the riskiest mortgages. These systems put extensive pressure upon the traditional institutions hence forcing them to soften their underwriting standards and start dealing with riskier loans. These banks were later criticised for underpinning the financial system, though they were not accountable to the same regulatory controls. What’s more, these banks were susceptible because of maturity mismatch, implying that they borrowed short-term loans from liquid markets and bought illiquid, long-term, but risky assets. The uncontrolled practices of such banks are the core of the 2007 financial crises – the situation could have been better if regulation was imposed on all activities related with banking. In the spring of 2007, the securitization markets were helped by shadow banking systems, leading to a more or less shut-down in the fall of 2008. What ensued was disappearance from market of more than a third of the private credit market (Thompson 2005). Figure 1 shows how securitization market came near shut-down during the crises. Figure 1: Decline of securitization market Securitisation is the process by which a certain assets’ cash-flows are separated from the balance sheet of the primary entity and transformed into marketable securities (Thompson 1995). The purpose of securitisation is to convert illiquid assets into marketable securities. It is used by insures as a form of risk management, which is achieved through transferring, commoditising and reallocating of different types of risks such as interest rate risk, credit risk, and pricing risk. Securitisation of the US subprime mortgage, according to Ingham (2008), fuelled the global crises during the summer of 2007 by increasing the extent of lending to subprime borrowers, which was happening at a very high default rate. Between 2004 and 2006, the market for subprime loans expanded significantly as shown in figure 2. As a result, the European and the US banks were writing off a massive amount of financial assets as the securitised mortgages became illiquid. The public money was used by many governments to bail out the financial institutions that were entangled into crises. Although it is usually a regulatory requirement to undertake credit rating on

Is there global convergence in corporate governance and why Essay

Is there global convergence in corporate governance and why - Essay Example This research paper is focused on convergence corporate governance practices among business firms and tries to determine the primary reason behind it. Paul (2005) mentioned in his study that firms belonging to different cultural background follow different organizational practices. The cross cultural difference in organizational behaviour has been studies by Hofstede, Wedel and Steenkamp (2002), where he stated that people belonging to different cultural background possesses different psychological profile, which is the key determinant behind variance in governance structures in the organizations. However, Chan and Cheung (2012) contrasted that despite of the presence of cultural differences among the firms, there exists a uniformity among the corporate laws, which compels all the business firms to work under the same roof. Porta et al (1999) further added that the firms that operate in a multinational level deals with the financial standards and regulations of different countries. Therefore, it becomes a big hassle for them if different countries follow different standards. This as a result forced the multinational firms to agree upon a commonly used regulations and standards that eased the business activities of the firms. Coffee-Jr (1999) mentioned that the importance of protecting shareholder’s interests is also a vital determinant of the growing convergence of the corporate governance structures. This is mostly because the outside investors often face the risk of uncertainty in some countries where the expropriation of the minority shareholders by the controlling shareholders is extensive. Paul (2005) opined that the advent of globalization has created an open global business market where all the firms from different avenues perform their respective business activities. Therefore it is imperative that the firms

Study On Self Reflection Business Essay

Study On Self Reflection Business Essay This chapter deals with the researchers experience during the dissertation. Reflection is important for the self development of an individual. Refection plays a major role in developing as it helps in learning from experience. Reflection helps in reviewing the work constantly from the learning and the experiences. Moon (2004, p.82) defines reflection as â€Å"Reflection is a form of mental processing- like a form of thinking that we may use to fulfil a purpose or to achieve some anticipated outcome or we may simply â€Å"be reflective† and then an outcome can be unexpected†. Reflection can also be related to problems which does not have any possible solution which are based on the knowledge and the understanding that we already have. 6.2 Kolbs reflective learning theory: A model for an experimental learning was developed by Kolb (1984b) called as Kolbs learning cycle. This model is very useful in understanding and it helps in developing reflective learning. Kolb says that learning can be of two ways one is â€Å"abstract- concrete† and â€Å"active-reflective†. There are four stages in a cyclic manner in the Kolb cycle. They are â€Å"abstract conceptualization†, â€Å"active experimentation†, â€Å"concrete experience† and â€Å"reflective observation†. This is shown in the diagram below Entry into one of the four stages can be made at anytime and the model helps in developing when all the stages are fallowed in a sequence manner to learn effectively. Experience alone does not account in the Kolbs learning cycle but it is highly essential how the reflection is made from the experience to form generalizations. These generalisations help to formulate new concepts that will be very useful a concept in a new situation. The theory can be related to the action by proper planning and acting out and reflecting on it and then relating back to the theory. This completes the cyclic process. The cyclic begins when the individual relates the experience which he has gained and relates to other things, and this experience forms the starting point for reflective observation. 6.3 Learning achievement from research: The researcher did his undergraduate in India where the teaching system is completely different. Initially the researcher faced lots of problem with the teaching system and the examination system at Liverpool John Moores University. The assignment system are new in the Liverpool John Moores University. Initially faced many problems while doing the assignments because it was new to do this sort of assignments. The experience which is gained by submitting assignments from the first and second semester has helped in improving the writing skills and thus the experiences which are gained while submitting the assignments helped in writing the dissertation. The research methods module which attended for almost three months in the second semester has helped in getting a clear knowledge about how to do proceed with the dissertation. It helped in knowing the concept of the research, how to do research, what are the different ways in conducting the research, how to frame the questionnaire, how to collect the data. The methodology module helped in gaining a theoretical idea about how the dissertation can be done in different ways. But when it comes to practical it was different and faced problem with the questionnaire and the tutor has helped in correcting the questionnaire. Time management is very important because things which are not done on time will be waste. While doing dissertation the researcher learned how to use time effectively and how to plan the things in the given period of time. Communication plays a main role in order to be a successful in professional life. Communication skills has been increased when it comes speaking English fluently. Without proper communication it is difficult to convey the message clearly. Group work and regularly meeting with tutor has helped in increasing communication skills. Group work has taught so many things especially confidence and motivation. While interacting with colleagues when doing group work and pointing out the mistakes and appreciating the best work has increased lot of confidence. The topic of analysing the performance appraisal of employee at KFC has been chosen because of the interest in Human Resource Management. The idea to do research on this topic came in second semester while attending human resource management classes as one of core modules in the second semester. The human resource management module helped in critically think and evaluating the issues surrounding on this topic. Because of the experience gained while working in this organisation it helped in understanding that the issues the employees faces when it comes to the performance appraisal. This is an attempt to look at one of the problems which the employee faces when it comes to performance appraisal. The process of research began with the literature review. Literature review is very helpful and it is beneficial to the researcher as it helped to identify the possible causes and issue pertaining to the performance appraisal of employee in the organisation. The researcher work is to identify the most and the least significant factors for this study. From the literature review the researcher came to know that from a proper training the performance of the employee can be increased While doing the dissertation the researcher faced many problems. Dr. Karim Menacere helped in clearing all the doubts patiently and advised how to write the dissertation. With the good guidance from tutor the researcher gained knowledge on how to write the dissertation. Continuously meeting with the tutor helped in improving the communication skills. Effective communication played a key role in completing the dissertation. 6.4 Reflection on MBA: The modules in the first and the second semester helped in gaining the knowledge on the subject. By doing the group assignments in the first semester with the colleagues who are from different cultural, social background helped in critically thinking on the topic. When it comes to second semester while reflecting from the experience gained from the first semester, the researcher writing skills and critical thinking has improved a lot. 6.5 Conclusion: In depth has been gained on the subject of the performance appraisal while doing research. How the employee perception towards the feedback, pay and training process will alter the effectiveness of the performance appraisal in the organisation. Communication skills which are developed while interacting with professors, colleagues and friends will help in career. Referring to many text book and journals had helped in critical thinking on the performance appraisal and helped to develop an in depth knowledge on the subject and the analytical skill which were developed during the research will help in the future professional life. This theoretical and practical knowledge will help the researcher in the future.

Accounting Ethics Essay -- essays research papers

paper will discuss the public perception of CPAs in today's society, pitfalls that they may encounter, methods to prevent some of these negative behaviors and consequences they may face should they fall short. Most "Who Do You Trust?" surveys rank politicians, lawyers and used car salesmen at the bottom and certified public accountants at the top. That is because the CPA profession has a squeaky clean image--anal-retentive little wimps who wear thick glasses and cannot get a date. CPAs are known and respected for their honesty. The profession that goes out of its way to project that image, and there is a certain amount of truth to it. Not all accountants are anal-retentive little wimps who cannot get a date. Many of them are quite articulate. Some are quite lovely, in some schools, more than half of the accounting majors are women. Also, not all CPAs are squeaky clean and respected for their honesty. Some are quite dishonest and are putting a black mark on the image of the entire profession. There is one area where the CPA profession has fallen short of protecting the public interest. The general duty that accountants owe to their clients and the other persons who are affected by their actions is to "exercise the skill and care of the ordinarily prudent accountant" in the same circumstances. Two elements compose the general duty of performance: skill and care. Another element and responsibility is owed to clients and other persons, that is that accountants should observe a standard of ethical or social responsibility. One set of difficulties concerns ethics education's ability to instill the chosen values and to make them stick after the educational process is completed. Instru ction in accounting ethics is directed at people whose character-or lack there-of-has largely been formed by the time the instruction occurs. Although such instruction should increase the moral awareness of those who are already predisposed to listen, its effect on the basically self-interested, indifferent, or unethical is questionable. Even those who are positively influenced by ethics instruction, moreover, may still behave irresponsibly if their careers or their livelihoods require them to act in their client's financial interest. Recent pressure to include more ethics instruction in the accounting classroom has placed an emphasis on individuals who have a sen... ... the trust instilled in me very seriously. I hope that this paper has enlightened you to the pitfalls many certified public accountants face today, both with ethical standards and with impending educational requirements. Reference Page Fulmer, W.E. and B.R. Cargile: 1987, "Ethical Perceptions of Accounting Students: Does Exposure to a Code of Professional Ethics Help?" Issues in Accounting Education 2, 207-219. Loeb, S.E.: 1988, "Teaching Students Accounting Ethics: Some Crucial Issues', Issues in Accounting Education 3, 316-329. Metzger, J.D.: 1992. "Business Law and the Regulatory Environment: Consepts and Cases 8th Edition. 1061. McGee, Robert W., "CPAs vs. the Public Interest". Dumont Institute, Ethic Information Center. 1. Whiteck, C: 1992, 'The Trouble with Dilemmas: Rethinking Applied Ethic', Professional Ethics 1, 119-142. er, J.D.: 1992. "Business Law and the Regulatory Environment: Consepts and Cases 8th Edition. 1061. McGee, Robert W., "CPAs vs. the Public Interest". Dumont Institute, Ethic Information Center. 1. Whiteck, C: 1992, 'The Trouble with Dilemmas: Rethinking Applied Ethic', Professional Ethics 1, 119-142.